Modeling data for Infectious agents
C. elegans serves as an infection model for various bacteria, fungi and nematodes, in order to study:
- host genes involved in infection and resistance
- bacterial virulence factors
- to identify effective drugs
- drug screening for infectious diseases
Model Proposal for ?Gene
The Experimental_model tag refers to ?DO_term (disease), in cases of study of infectious agents using Elegans, it is not so much a 'disease model' as an infection model. It's a bit silly to talk about elegans as a model for dysentery, as compared to saying it is an infection model for the bacteria, Shigella flexneri, which is the pathogen in dysentery.
We will attach this information to Gene, analogous to disease information (similar to the Experimental_model and Potential model tags for Gene). Initially I thought of tagging Genes just as 'Infection_model' but I think it's worthwhile to actually delineate this a bit further and tag genes as either needed for pathogen infection or resistance to it, thus the 'Required_for_infection' and 'Resistance_to_infection' tags.
Proposal 1:
Current Gene model: ?Gene Disease_info Experimental_model ?DO_term XREF Gene_by_biology ?Species #Evidence Potential_model ?DO_term XREF Gene_by_orthology ?Species #Evidence Disease_relevance ?Text ?Species #Evidence Add under ?Gene: Infection_model Required_for_infection ?Strain XREF Host_gene_required_for_infection ?Species #Evidence Resistance_to_infection ?Strain XREF Resistance_gene_in_host ?Species #Evidence Infection_model_description ?Text ?Species #Evidence
Curating information about the infectious agent-Proposal for ?Strain:
As was suggested for capturing information about the bacterial strain/species for GO data, we will use the ?Strain model:
Add to Strain model:
?Strain Infection_model_info Host_gene_required_for_infection ?Gene XREF Required_for_infection Resistance_gene_in_host ?Gene XREF Resistance_to_infection Infection_model_description ?Text ?Species #Evidence
Example for Proposal 1
- WBPaper00027729: The Caenorhabditis elegans ABL-1 Tyrosine Kinase Is Required for Shigella flexneri Pathogenesis
In this example the data points are: Gene Required_for_infection = abl-1 (WBGene00000018) The bacterial strain = Shigella flexneri strain 2457T Infection_model_description, is basically a concise description that will describe the model, similar to the 'Disease_relevance' description under Disease_info in ?Gene. Infection_model Required_for_infection ?Strain XREF Host_gene_required_for_infection ?Species #Evidence Resistance_to_infection ?Strain XREF Resistance_gene_in_host ?Species #Evidence Infection_model_description ?Text ?Species #Evidence I'd also like to be explicit about the species, as it might be easier for web scripts to pull information if it's right there. But Kevin's point taken that it is a redundant since ?Strain has ?Species information. Modeled in .ace file as: Gene : "WBGene00000018" Required_for_infection "2457T" "Shigella flexneri" Paper_evidence "WBPaper00027729" Required_for_infection "2457T" "Shigella flexneri" Curator_confirmed "WBPerson324" Required_for_infection "2457T" "Shigella flexneri" Date_last_updated "2014-02-12" Infection_model_description "The gram-negative bacterium Shigella flexneri is the causative agent of Shigellosis, a diarrheal disease that affects millions of people every year; the study of Shigellosis in vivo has been hampered by the lack of a suitable model system; studies in the whole-animal model system C. elegans, have shown that S. flexneri kills worms by an infection-like process that requires live bacteria, correlates with the bacterial accumulation in the intestine, and requires the S. flexneri virulence plasmid which is crucial for pathogenesis in mammalian systems; in addition, the elegans Src homology, non-receptor tyrosine kinase ABL-1, is required for S. flexneri-induced killing, as loss of ABL-1 through mutation, RNA interference(RNAi), or pharmacological inhibition via the inhibitor STI571, results in extension of nematode life span on S. flexneri." "Shigella flexneri" Paper_evidence "WBPaper00027729"
Different scenarios with Strain information:
- authors may not always mention the strain for the pathogen
- may reference an older paper and things could get messy from there, if I have to identify which exact strain they used based on the older paper.
In these cases, I'd like to use ?Species (when strain information is hard to find). Not sure it is absolutely important to curate to the level of strain! However when strain information is present, the following model lets me curate to that level of granularity:
Proposal 2:
?Gene Infection_model Required_for_infection_by_species ?Species XREF Host_gene_required_for_infection Required_for_infection_by_strain ?Strain XREF Host_gene_required_for_infection #Evidence Resistance_to_infection_by_species ?Species XREF Resistance_gene_in_host #Evidence Resistance_to_infection_by_strain ?Strain XREF Resistance_gene_in_host #Evidence Infection_model_description ?Text ?Species #Evidence ?Strain Infection_model_info Host_gene_required_for_infection ?Gene XREF Required_for_infection_by_strain Resistance_gene_in_host ?Gene XREF Resistance_to_infection_by_strain Infection_model_description ?Text #Evidence ?Species Infection_model_info Host_gene_required_for_infection ?Gene XREF Required_for_infection_by_species Resistance_gene_in_host ?Gene XREF Resistance_to_infection_by_species Infection_model_description ?Text #Evidence
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